Dr. Linton Hutchinson's Blog - School Psychologist Review

Person Centered Therapy 02

The Therapy Process

■ Six conditions necessary and sufficient for personality changes to occur:
o Two persons are in physiological contact
o The first, the client is experiencing incongruence
o The second, the therapist, is congruent or integrated in the relationship
o The therapist experiences unconditional positive regard or real caring for the client
o The therapist experiences empathy for the client’s internal frame of reference and endeavors to communicate… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on August 9, 2007 at 2:54pm — No Comments

Person Centered Therapy 01

Theoretical Foundations

■ Focus is on the person and not the presenting problem

■ Humanism
o Philosophical movement that emphasizes worth of the individual and the centrality of human values
o Attends to matters of ethics and personal worth
o Gives credit to the human spirit
o Emphasis on creative, spontaneous, and active nature of humans
o Optimistic
o Human capacity to overcome hardship and despair

■ Non-Deterministic
o Be… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on August 9, 2007 at 2:54pm — No Comments

Adlerian Therapy 04

Adlerian Therapy Process

■ The role of the client
o Explore private logic- concepts about self, others and life
o Discover purposes of behavior or symptoms of basic mistakes associated with their coping.
o Learn how to correct faulty assumptions and conclusions

■ The Client Therapist Relationship
o Based on mutual trust, respect, confidence and alignment of goals.
o Collaborative relationship
o Develop a therapeutic contract (goals for th… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on August 9, 2007 at 2:53pm — No Comments

Adlerian Therapy 03

Adlerian Concepts

■ Basic Mistake- faulty, self defeating perceptions attitudes and beliefs, personal myths

■ Fictional Finalism- imagined central goal that gives direction to behavior and unity

■ Holism- study of humans as integrated beings

■ Insight- special form of self awareness

■ Style of Life- individual’s ways of thinking feeling and acting

■ Complexes
o Inferiority complex- normal feelings of incompe… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on August 9, 2007 at 2:52pm — No Comments

Adlerian Therapy 02

Social Interest

■ Adler’s most significant and distinctive concept.
■ Refers to an individual’s attitude toward and awareness of being part of the human community.
■ Mental health is measured by the degree to which we successfully share with others and are concerned with their welfare.
■ Happiness and success are largely related to social connectedness.

Role of Birth Order Psychological Positions

■ Motivates later behavior.
■ First b… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on August 2, 2007 at 4:30pm — No Comments

Adlerian Therapy 01

Therapy Focus

● Importance of the feelings of self (ego) that arise from interactions and conflicts.

● The sense of self, or The Ego is the core individuality/personality of a person

● Adlerian therapy got its start from psychoanalysis.

● It places emphasis on motivation and social interaction

● A phenomenological approach

● Social interest is stressed

● Study of birth order and sibling relationships.

● Purpose of therapy is… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on August 2, 2007 at 4:25pm — No Comments

Psychoanalysis- Freud/Erikson/Mahler

Role of Therapist ■ Invisible- Blank Screen (detachment) ■ Fosters transference ■ Focus on Resistance Therapeutic Goals ■ Bringing the unconscious to the conscious ■ Strengthen the ego Key Ideas ■ Deterministic- problems are rooted in the first six years of life and trapped in unconscious motivations ■ Reality Principle- maximize gratification minimize punishment ■ Biological Drives- sex and instincts ■ Parts of Personality- Id/Ego/Superego ■ Id- Pleasure principle, “Demanding Child… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on July 25, 2007 at 10:30am — No Comments

Analytic Therapy- Carl Jung

Therapeutic Goals ■ Reintegration o Merging past and present o Explore the Conscious/unconscious o Develop self knowledge o Individuation- reclaiming undeveloped parts of self through reflection on life/past Key Ideas ■ View of Man o Man’s behavior is conditioned not only by his individual/racial history (causality) but also by aims and aspirations (teleology- explanation of behavior based on future goals) ■ Collective Unconscious o Shared by all but modified by personal experience ■… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on July 25, 2007 at 10:30am — No Comments

Standardized psychological assessment tests

● Achievement and aptitude tests
o Seen in educational or employment settings
o Attempt to measure either
■ Achieved knowledge- particular subjects
■ Aptitude or ability to master material in a particular area.

● Intelligence tests
o Measure basic ability to understand the world, assimilate to functioning, and apply knowledge to enhance the quality of life.
o Intelligence is a measure of a potential, not a measure of what one has learned (as in an… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on July 17, 2007 at 3:18pm — No Comments

Anticipatory Trauma

◆ Reactions to anticipatory trauma:
o Emotional
■ Fear
■ Anger
■ Confusion
■ Hopelessness
■ Loss of control
■ Numbness
■ Moodiness
■ Irritability
■ Guilt
o Behavioral
■ Social withdrawal
■ Disruption of daily activities
■ Easily startled or jumpy
■ Easily cry
o Cognitive
■ Thoughts preoccupied with anticipation of trauma
■ Difficulty concentrating
■ Low self esteem
■ Indecisiveness
■ Poor mem… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on July 2, 2007 at 11:03am — No Comments

Crisis Intervention Models

Crisis intervention with date rape, school violence, substance abuse, and adolescent suicide.

Step #1: Listen
- Establish therapeutic relationship.
- Identify precipitating problems.
- Explore emotions.

Step #2: Assessment
- Determine the severity of the crisis.
- Assess potential lethality or physical harm to the person or others.
- Identify past coping skills, strengths and supportive resources.
- Suicide/Homicide assessment
- D… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on June 20, 2007 at 4:47pm — No Comments

DSM Health Problems

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Statistical Classification of Diseases

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

o Handbook for mental health professionals.
o Includes all categories of mental disorders and their corresponding diagnosable criteria.
o Intended to be used by those with clinical training.
o In accordance with the American Psychiatric Association.
o Uniform criteria for diagnosing… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on June 18, 2007 at 11:22am — No Comments

Diagnostic interviewing techniques

Questioning:
o Client asked direct questions in areas determined by interviewer
o Questioning may be open or closed.
Open= unlimited answer options
Closed= Yes, No, or one word questions

Reflection:
o Restate the clients cognitive or emotional material
o Demonstrate empathic understanding
o Rogerian Client-Centered Therapists rely heavily on reflection
o Overuse is counterproductive - important areas are left unaddressed

… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on June 7, 2007 at 10:38am — No Comments

Statutes, case law and regulations

Professional disclosure statement tells clients about:

o Informed Consent/parent notification for counseling or assessment
o Parent, legal guardians, and appointed surrogates
o Document parent notifications
o Rights to educational records FERPA
o Procedural Safeguards
o Document parent notifications
o HIPAA

Confidentiality

o Ethical obligation of therapist to keep communications and protocols private.
o May be charged in… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on June 7, 2007 at 10:36am — No Comments

Risk factors for and patterns of abuse

Recognizing sings of abuse

In the child:
o Sudden changes in behavior or school performance
o Not medical attention for problems brought to parents attention.
o Learning problems, difficulty concentrating, that cannot be attributed to specific disabilities.
o Tends to be watchful, expecting something to happen.
o Lacks adult supervision.
o Overly compliant, passive, or withdrawn.
o Comes to school or other activities early, stays late, do… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on June 7, 2007 at 10:33am — No Comments

Risk factors, stages and patterns of grief response

• DSM Diagnosis under Other Conditions That May be Focus of Clinical Attention, V62.82, Bereavement- used for death of a loved one.
• Depression in this case is considered “normal” but individual my be seeking treatment to relieve symptoms such as insomnia or anorexia.
• Expression of “normal” bereavement time is relative to different cultures.
• Major Depressive disorder is not diagnosed unless symptoms last longer than two months after loss.

Stages of Grief:
•… Continue

Added by Dr. Linton Hutchinson on June 7, 2007 at 10:18am — No Comments

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